Nūhou - Ma ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kinikini a me ka granite

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pōhaku lepo a me ka granite

ʻO ke ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke kinikini mai ka granite, ʻo ia ke ʻike i ko lākou ʻano. ʻO ke ʻano okinikinihe momona, he laumania ke ʻano laina, a he momona ka loli kala. ʻO kapōhaku ʻāpalahe mau kikoʻī nā hiʻohiʻona, me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike ʻole ʻia, a he keʻokeʻo a hina nā kala, a he ʻano hoʻokahi.

ʻO kaGranite
No ka pōhaku igneous ka granite, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pahū ʻana o ka magma ma lalo o ka honua a me ke komo ʻana o ka crystallization anuanu a me nā pōhaku metamorphic o ka granite. Me ke ʻano kristal ʻike ʻia a me ke ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia me ka feldspar (ʻo ka potassium feldspar a me ka oligoclase) a me ka quartz, i hui pū ʻia me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka mica (mica ʻeleʻele a i ʻole mica keʻokeʻo) a me nā minelala trace, e like me: zircon, apatite, magnetite, ilmenite, sphene a pēlā aku. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka granite he silica, nona ka ʻike ma kahi o 65% - 85%. He nāwaliwali a waikawa nā waiwai kemika o ka granite. ʻO ka maʻamau, he keʻokeʻo iki a hina paha ka granite, a ma muli o nā kristal ʻeleʻele, he kiko ke ʻano, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka potassium feldspar e hoʻolilo iā ia i ʻulaʻula a ʻiʻo paha. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Granite e ka magmatic crystallization hoʻoluʻu mālie, i kanu hohonu ʻia ma lalo o ka honua, i ka wā e lohi loa ai ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, e hana ia i kahi ʻano granite ʻino loa, i ʻike ʻia he granite crystalline. ʻO ka Granite a me nā pōhaku crystalline ʻē aʻe ke kumu o ka papa continental, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pōhaku intrusive maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻili o ka honua.

ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia ka granite e ka mea heheʻe a i ʻole ka magma pōhaku igneous, akā nui nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kekahi granite ka huahana o ka deformation kūloko a i ʻole ka pōhaku mua, ʻaʻole lākou ma o ke kaʻina wai a heheʻe paha a hoʻonohonoho hou a me ka recrystallization. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka granite ma waena o 2.63 a me 2.75, a ʻo kona ikaika compressive he 1,050 ~ 14,000 kg/sq cm (15,000 ~ 20,000 paona i ka ʻīniha kuea). No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka granite ma mua o ka one, ka limestone a me ke kinikini, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka unuhi ʻana. Ma muli o nā kūlana kūikawā a me nā ʻano paʻa o ka granite, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai kūikawā:
(1) he hana hoʻonani maikaʻi kona, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā wahi lehulehu a me nā mea hoʻonani waho.
(2) hana hana maikaʻi loa: ʻoki ʻana, ʻoki ʻana, hoʻowali ʻana, ʻeli ʻana, kahakaha ʻana, a pēlā aku. Hiki ke emi ma lalo o 0.5 mu m ka pololei o ka mīkini, a ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o 1600.
(3) kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ke komo ʻana, 5-10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia.
(4) he liʻiliʻi ka coefficient hoʻonui wela a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻololi. Ua like ia me ke kila indium, he liʻiliʻi loa ka mahana.
(5) modulus elastic nui, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia.
(6) paʻa, nui ka coefficient damping o loko, 15 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kila. Pale haʻalulu, mea hoʻopau haʻalulu.
(7) he palupalu ka granite a nalowale hapa wale nō ma hope o ka hōʻino ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka pālahalaha holoʻokoʻa.
(8) paʻa nā waiwai kemika o ka granite a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻololi ʻia, hiki ke kū i ka waikawa, alkali a me ka pala o ke kinoea. ʻO kona mau waiwai kemika e pili pono ana i ka nui o ka silicon dioxide, a hiki i kona ola lawelawe ke hiki i kahi 200 mau makahiki.
(9) loaʻa i ka granite kahi kahua magnetic non-conductive, non-conductive a me kahi kahua paʻa.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ua māhele ʻia ka granite i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana like ʻole:
Nā granite maikaʻi: ʻo ke anawaena awelika o kahi kristal feldspar he 1/16 a 1/8 o ka ʻīniha.
ʻO ka granite waena: ʻo ke anawaena awelika o kahi kristal feldspar he 1/4 o ka ʻīniha.
Nā granite coarse: ʻo ke anawaena awelika o kahi kristal feldspar ma kahi o 1/2 ʻīniha a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena, a hiki i kekahi mau kenimika. He haʻahaʻa ka nui o nā granite coarse.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, he 83 pakeneka o nā mea pōhaku i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hoʻomanaʻo he granite a he 17 pakeneka o ke kinikini.

ʻO kakinikini
Ua hana ʻia ke kinikini mai nā pōhaku metamorphic o nā pōhaku sedimentary a me nā pōhaku sedimentary, a he pōhaku metamorphic i hana ʻia ma hope o ka recrystallization o ka limestone, maʻamau me ke ʻano o nā koena olaola. ʻO ka mea nui ka calcium carbonate, nona ka nui ma kahi o 50-75%, he alkaline nāwaliwali. Loaʻa i kekahi kinikini kahi nui o ka silicon dioxide, ʻaʻohe silica i kekahi. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā kaha o ka ʻili a he haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī. Loaʻa i ka haku mele nā ​​​​​​waiwai penei:
(1) maikaʻi ka waiwai hoʻonaninani, ʻaʻohe kukuna i loko o ke kinikini a he ʻālohilohi a kala hoʻi, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i nā paia o loko a me ka papahele. Hana mīkini maikaʻi loa: ʻoki ʻana, ʻoki ʻana, hoʻopili ʻana, ʻeli ʻana, kālai ʻana, a pēlā aku.
(2) He waiwai maikaʻi ko ke kinikini e kūʻē i ke komo ʻana a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke ʻelemakule, a ʻo kona ola lawelawe ma kahi o 50-80 mau makahiki.
(3) i ka ʻoihana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kinikini. No ka laʻana: hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea maka, mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, mea hoʻoheheʻe metallurgical, a pēlā aku.
(4) he mau ʻano ko ke kinikini e like me ke kahua ʻaʻole alakaʻi, ʻaʻole alakaʻi a paʻa.

Mai kahi kuanaʻike ʻoihana, ua kapa ʻia nā pōhaku limestone kūlohelohe a wili ʻia a pau he kinikini, e like me kekahi mau dolomites a me nā pōhaku serpentine. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono nā kinikini a pau no nā hanana kūkulu āpau, pono e māhele ʻia ke kinikini i ʻehā mau māhele: A, B, C a me D. Pili loa kēia ʻano hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kinikini C a me D ʻano ʻoi, e pono ai ka mālama kūikawā ma mua o ke kau ʻana a i ʻole ke kau ʻana.

ʻO ke kāpili kākoʻo papa kinikini no ka hoʻoikaika a me ka pale ʻana

Penei ka hoʻokaʻawale kikoʻī:
Papa A: kinikini kiʻekiʻe me ka like, maikaʻi loa ka hana ʻana, ʻaʻohe haumia a me nā stomata.
Papa B: kokoke ke ʻano i ke ʻano o ke kinikini mua, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana ma mua o ka mea mua; Loaʻa nā kīnā kūlohelohe; Pono nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ke kāpili ʻana a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana.
C: aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana; ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā hemahema, nā stomata a me nā haki ʻano. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ke kāpili ʻana, ka hoʻopiha ʻana, a i ʻole ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau ʻano.
Papa D: ua like nā ʻano me ke ʻano C o ke kinikini, akā he nui nā hemahema kūlohelohe, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana ka mea nui loa, a pono e hana ʻia ke ʻano like i nā manawa he nui. He nui nā kala o kēia ʻano kinikini, he waiwai hoʻonani maikaʻi loa ko lākou.

ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka granite marble
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa maopopo loa ma waena o ka granite a me ke kinikini, ʻo ia kekahi ma waho a ʻo kekahi ma loko. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea pōhaku maoli i ʻike ʻia ma loko he kinikini, ʻoiai ʻo ka pōhaku maoli kikoʻī o ke alanui waho he granite.

No ke aha he wahi maopopo loa e hoʻokaʻawale ai?
ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ia ka granite e kū i ke komo ʻana a kū i ka pala, hiki i ka makani a me ka lā ke hoʻohana lōʻihi. Eia kekahi, e like me ka pae radioactive granite, aia ʻekolu ʻano o ABC: hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana papa A i kēlā me kēia kūlana, me nā hale keʻena a me nā lumi ʻohana. ʻOi aku ka radioactive o nā huahana Papa B ma mua o ka papa A, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka lumi moe, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻili o loko a me waho o nā hale ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka radioactive o nā huahana C ma mua o A a me B, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā hoʻopau waho o nā hale; ʻOi aku ma mua o C ka waiwai hoʻomalu maʻamau o ka pōhaku kūlohelohe, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā pā kai, nā piers a me nā stele.

Nā tile granite ʻeleʻele no ka papahele kalapu mākaʻir

Nā tile Granite no ka papahele o waho
He nani ke kinikini a kūpono no ka hoʻonaninani kūloko. He nani ka ʻāina kinikini, ʻālohilohi a maʻemaʻe e like me ke aniani, he mea hoʻonaninani ikaika, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kahua kiʻi, aia i loko o ka hale nui o nā kānaka kahi pale kinikini nui a nani hoʻi. He mea liʻiliʻi iki ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ke kinikini, a he lono ka laha ʻana o ke kinikini ma ka Pūnaewele.
ʻOkoʻa ke kumukūʻai granite marble

ʻO ke kinikini Arabescato no ka lumi ʻauʻau

ʻOiai he huahana pōhaku kiʻekiʻe ke granite a me ke kinikini, nui loa ka ʻokoʻa o ke kumukūʻai.
Hoʻokahi wale nō ke ʻano o ka granite, ʻuʻuku ka loli o ke kala, ʻaʻole ikaika ka hoʻonaninani. He ikaika a paʻa ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hōʻino ʻia, ʻaʻole e hoʻoluʻu ʻia, hoʻohana nui ʻia ma waho. Loaʻa nā kumukūʻai o nā granite mai nā ʻumi a i nā haneli kālā, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hulu hipa a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ke kukui.

He laumania a palupalu ke ʻano o ke kinikini, waiwai ka loli o ke ʻano, he ʻano hoʻohiwahiwa ke ʻano o ka pena ʻāina, he mea pōhaku noʻeau ke kinikini. ʻOkoʻa ke kumukūʻai o ke kinikini mai nā haneli a i nā tausani yuan, ma muli o ke kumu, nui loa ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻO ke kinikini keʻokeʻo Palissandro no ka hoʻonaninani paia

Mai nā ʻano, ke kuleana a me ka ʻokoʻa o ke kumukūʻai, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike he maopopo loa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. Ke manaʻolana nei au e kōkua ka ʻike ma luna iā ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ke kinikini a me ka granite.